What Every Firefighter Should Know About the 2025 AHA CPR & ECC Updates

by Africa Fire Mission Training Team, Utilizing AI Technology

Firefighters are often the first to respond to life-threatening emergencies, whether it’s a cardiac arrest, choking incident, trauma, or another sudden crisis. In 2025, the American Heart Association (AHA) released its latest comprehensive update to the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) Guidelines, and these changes matter for every member of the African firefighter community.

In a recent Weekly Virtual Firefighter Training, AFM instructor and EMS expert Eric Saunders focused on translating these guideline updates into practical, lifesaving actions that you can apply in the field. Watch the training for strategies you can apply, wherever you’re training or responding.

Watch this Weekly Virtual Firefighter Training for updates on CPR/BLS Guidelines

What’s New in the 2025 AHA Guidelines

Every five years, the AHA reviews the latest science to update its guidance for CPR and emergency use. One update unifies the chain of survival for adults and children into one streamlined model. Another clearly recommends 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts if a conscious adult or child is choking, while rescuers should alternate between 5 back blows and 5 heel of hand chest thrusts for infants. Read more about the updates here.

 Why These Updates Matter for Firefighters

Whether you are stationed at an urban firehouse or volunteering in a rural brigade, cardiac emergencies, choking incidents, and sudden collapses are not uncommon. Updated global science means:

·      Faster, more effective responses

·      Increased survival chances for victims

·      More confidence in training and real-world performance

Firefighters are not just fire suppressors, they are lifesavers in every sense. Staying up-to-date with global standards ensures that the care you provide is backed by the best available evidence.

Want to deepen your lifesaving skills and stay current with international resuscitation science? Use these opportunities from AFM to strengthen your skills:

·      Join our Weekly Virtual Trainings for African Firefighters

·      Subscribe to AFM’s YouTube Channel

·      Access our Resources and Training Materials

Stay safe, stay prepared, and keep training!

Burn Care Resources

Resources from Kristina Stiles

Saving Lives is Not Enough Report - A casualty-centred proposal identifying how Fire and Rescue Services can improve pre-hospital care and quality of life outcomes for burn survivors.

The Family Oops and Burns First Aid Book - A children's book created to support children and their families learning about burns prevention and first aid principles together. The book describes an accident prone family who are not burns aware, who have to go to school to learn about burn safety and first aid within the home. This book is a recommended reading for all nursery school teachers.

20 Minutes of Cool Running Water - Information on how and why to treat burns with cool running water for 20 minutes.

Burn Scar - Burn scars often form when deep skin layers are damaged and healing takes over three weeks. Discover why scarring is common, what treatments can reduce it, and why complete removal isn't possible.

Gas Cylinder Care

Gas cylinder care is a vital topic in communities that rely on these devices for cooking or other purposes. AFM’s staff team in Kenya, including Fire Safety Officer José Ngunjiri and Fire Safety Advocate Errol Sianga, regularly perform gas cylinder safety lessons in local communities. Now, you can access an official, professional recording of this training on our YouTube page! Whether you are a community member that relies on gas cylinders or you are a fire prevention instructor looking to further your understanding on the topic, please access the video below and watch the full lesson to help prevent deadly fires or explosions from gas cylinders.

Watch this training on Gas Cylinder Care and subscribe to our YouTube channel for more updates and resources.

Gas Cylinder Care Tips

Before using a gas cylinder, there are two steps you should always keep in mind:

1. Check the quality of your regulator. It needs to as clean as possible.

2. Take time connecting the regulator. Check to see if it is leaking or if there is any visible damage.

If a gas cylinder catches fire and starts to get out of control, remember to never throw your gas cylinder under any circumstances. If there is a fire that is starting to get out of control, take a solid, empty bucket and place it on top of the cylinder to create a vacuum, cutting off the air to the fire. Count slowly to five, then carefully remove the bucket away from you and turn off the cylinder. You can also drape a wet blanket and wrap the fire and cylinder completely. Again, count to five, then open it away from you and turn off the cylinder.

Kindly share this post and the video training with your communities to spread awareness on gas cylinder care.

Firefighter Wellness

by Michael Anderson

Firefighter Wellness can be thought of as the firefighter encompassing their state of health including physical, mental, emotional and spiritual fitness. Firefighters should strive to improve their wellness and work to take steps in each of these areas to improve their lives and serve a very long career.

Fire service organizations have long been investing in the development of resources for fitness and items such as medical screenings. In recent years, more resources have been dedicated to behavioral health to highlight the needs of firefighters to address their mental and emotional fitness. This article will discuss a few of these topics and provide some small steps for individuals to work on their wellness.

Physical fitness:

Firefighting activities require a level of functional performance during response activities. Maintaining a level of fitness is necessary for firefighters and other emergency responders. The physical demands of firefighting along with the working environments require that members develop muscular strength and endurance. This functional fitness should include movements and activities that mimic situations that the firefighter will encounter in their duties.

Stretches, running, and other exercises are very important to a regular and beneficial fitness routine.

Maintaining a level of fitness through cardiovascular and strength training exercises has many benefits. Fitness activities will help firefighters develop muscular strength and endurance, allowing effective use of their equipment and more efficiency on incidents. Fitness helps with fatigue and recovery from strenuous work. The improved range of motion, strength, balance, and coordination also helps prevent injuries of firefighters. Additionally, fitness improves cardiovascular and respiratory system performance. Improvements in these areas both improve performance and overall health.

Medical Evaluations:

Routine medical evaluations are another component of firefighter wellness. Cardiovascular disease and occupational cancers continue to be leading causes of firefighter deaths in the United States. Several medical risk factors have been linked to line of duty death and injuries. The recently revised NFPA 1580 standards provide guidance on the areas to be evaluated during your medical exam.

The benefits of routine medical evaluations can be summed up in one word: detection. Early detection of medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, and others will allow for treatment that can positively impact the risks of firefighters suffering a medical related emergency. Firefighters should take action when faced with increased risk factors from these medical conditions. Treatment for these conditions can reduce the impacts on a firefighter health event.

The increased risk of firefighters to cancer has been identified, recognized, and promoted throughout the fire service. Research has been able to link these increases risks to the exposures that firefighters face during their duties. Cancer screenings are encouraged to be included in your medical evaluation. Early detection and treatment have been shown to improve survival while allowing for reduced costs and less invasive procedures.

Behavioral Health:

The impact of the emotional stress that firefighters face is nothing new to those who serve. Many of us have seen our fellow firefighters experience emotional trauma with various impacts to their lives and careers. Suicides amongst first responders have been increasing at an alarming rate now that reporting mechanisms are in place. Research continues to show that ourselves and our colleagues are plagued by post-traumatic stress and the effects of self-coping activities that many choose to use to deal with these stresses.

A critical step in improving behavioral health is the understanding at the individual level and the organizational level that stress reactions to our job duties are normal. Developing a positive culture around the job stress and supporting members that need assistance can help ensure that mental and emotional fitness can be improved. As an organization, developing programs that look to support firefighters who are suffering from stress can be beneficial on the mental well-being of employees.  Programs should look to ensure that members have access to specialized services that understand PTSD, firefighter stressors, alcohol and substance treatment, along with the ability to assist members with other areas of their lives that can impact their mental wellness.

Simple steps towards general wellness:

• Maintain levels of functional fitness. Stay active, move often, and work to improve strength and endurance. Push yourself a few days a week and get your heart rate up towards your max heart rate.

• Find fun activities with your exercise routine. Adding enjoyable activities to your routine will help you stay motivated in your fitness journey and will help your emotional fitness along the way.

• Get an annual medical evaluation. Find a doctor or make an appointment with your physician. Tell them about the dangers firefighter face and ask them to include cancer screenings on a regular basis.

• If your examination finds something, take action! Early detection leads to early intervention and vastly improves your ability to reduce your risks of injury or death.

• Work hard to sleep well. Evaluate your sleep and find ways to sleep and rest better. Improved sleep can reduce stress and reduce risks.

• Understand your stress and attack your stressors. Evaluate the stressors in your life and find ways to reduce how much they impact you. Managing your stress will make you a happier and healthier firefighter.

• Find resources for your personal medical and mental health. Resources are available to help you overcome almost anything. Find some and use them when needed.

Physical wellness is key to improving your general wellness!

Taking small and simple steps can have big impacts on your personal and professional life. Begin the journey now and start becoming the best version of you.

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Michael Anderson started in the fire service in 1998 as a volunteer in his rural hometown. He has served at Pflugerville Fire Dept. since 2000, currently holding the rank of Deputy Assistant Chief in Administration. With a passion for firefighter health and safety, Michael spent 14 years involved with the NFFF Everyone Goes Home Advocate Program. He has worked with firefighters and organizations across the United States working to improve the health and safety of firefighters. Chief Anderson also serves as an At-Large Director for the IAFC Safety, Health, and Survival Section.

Chief Anderson completed his undergraduate studies in Applied Arts and Sciences from Texas A&M University-Commerce and earned a master’s degree in Public Affairs from the University of Texas- Rio Grande Valley. Michael holds Fire Officer IV, Instructor III, Incident Safety Officer and Health & Safety Officer Certifications. In 2019, he Graduated the NFA Managing Officer program and achieved designation as a Chief Fire Officer from the CPSE Commission for Professional Credentialing in 2023.

Situational Awareness

As firefighters, we face numerous visible and hidden threats both on our way to the fireground and after we arrive. It is important for us to develop our situational awareness skills to help us identify the hazards and minimize risks to ourselves and the public. Furthermore, maintaining situational awareness enhances decision-making under pressure and fosters more effective responses in various situations, such as fighting a fire, rescuing a victim, or driving to a fire scene.

The OODA Loop

The OODA Loop, created by Air Force fighter pilot and military strategist John Boyd, is an excellent decision-making framework that consists of four steps: Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act.

- Observe: This step focuses on what is commonly called situational awareness. It involves making and recording observations.

- Orient: Observations are placed in context to understand the overall situation.

- Decide: Take the results of the orientation and observation steps and formulate the optimal course of action.

- Act: Execute on your decision without delay

The OODA loop helps us remain calm and relaxed during stressful situations, reducing tension and stress and improving everyone's ability to perform their tasks. It is also very helpful for preventing tunnel vision, one of the most dangerous pitfalls on the foreground. Tunnel vision occurs when stress and nerves narrow our focus, causing us to concentrate only on what is immediately in front of us. This lack of peripheral awareness can be deadly.

It is important to develop the habit of instinctively using the OODA loop. Practice it around the firehouse and even at minor calls. As you develop your observation skills, learn to use more than your sight. Paying attention to sounds and smells can teach us crucial fire information.

A firefighter checks his surroundings while training with a firehose.

Communication

Another important situational tool is communication. It is critical that we maintain constant communication with our team on the fireground. We need to inform our commanders and officers of our planned actions. For instance, if a window needs to be broken for ventilation, we must communicate this so that team members below can be aware of any falling glass.

Situational awareness is critical for first responders.  We often must make quick decisions in high-pressure, high-stakes environments. By enhancing our situational awareness, we can make more informed decisions that help us stay alert and safe on the fireground.

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Howard A. Cohen was a volunteer firefighter for 20 years. He began his firefighting career as a chaplain and retired as the deputy chief. He is currently AFM’s online program content director. He frequently presents for the Wednesday Webinars and contributes to the AFM blog.

An Introduction to the Principles of Emergency First Aid for Firefighters

by Howard Cohen

Not all firefighters are emergency medical technicians or paramedics, but we often serve as the first responders at scenes requiring life-saving first aid. Therefore, it is vital for all firefighters to possess at least a basic understanding of first aid. This short article aims to outline foundational principles for addressing trauma in situations where immediate life-saving medical assistance is needed. This article should not be seen as comprehensive first aid training. Nevertheless, with the basic and limited information provided here, and without any formal training, you may still have the opportunity to save someone’s life.

Scene Survey: The First Task

Size up: Regardless of your level of technical first aid training or medical knowledge, your first task when responding to an incident involving injuries is to gather as much information as possible about the situation. This is achieved through a thorough size up. It is crucial to assess the risks and dangers before rushing in to provide aid. Ask yourself, “What is trying to kill or harm me?” Is it traffic, wildlife, fire, an unstable building, falling objects, or floodwaters? You do not want to become another casualty or cause further harm to the patient.

Number of patients: Once you’ve ensured the scene is safe and stable, it’s time to determine how many individuals are involved in the incident. It’s easy to focus on patients who are crying out in pain and overlook those who are unconscious or not visible. Additionally, it can be tempting to rush to assist a person whose injuries seem more life-threatening than they actually are, such as someone bleeding from a superficial head injury, while another individual nearby has stopped breathing.

Primary Survey:  The Second Task

The primary survey is an assessment of the three essential life-supporting functions: the respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems, often called the ABCDs. Any problems related to these systems present an immediate risk to the patient's life and must be addressed without delay.   

ABCDs: Once the size-up is completed, the scene is safe (or as safe as you can make it), and you have a sense of the number of patients needing aid, initiate a primary survey of the patients by checking the status of the three conditions that represent an immediate threat to life.

Airway: Check to make sure that the mouth and airway are cleared and that air is actually going in and out.

Blood is circulating: Ensure that blood is not spilling out and that it is actively circulating.

Disabled: Check whether the spine is stable and the central nervous system is functioning normally. Due to the limited scope of this article, I will not discuss further injuries related to the head, neck, or spine.

Active Bleeding Control Instructor checks the pulse and applies bandages to a patient.

Basic Life Support (BLS)

Basic life support (BLS) is the immediate treatment of one of the three life-threatening emergencies found during your primary survey.  Its purpose is to provide temporary support to keep the patient alive while a secondary survey is conducted and/or until advanced treatment is available.

The simplest way to begin a primary survey is to ask the patient, “How are you?” If he answers, you know that his airway is not obstructed (A), his heart is beating (B & C), and his brain is functioning (D). If the patient does not respond or responds in an unusual way, you will need to look more closely.  

Airway:

Airway problems result from an obstruction to the pharynx or larynx, which can be complete or partial. A complete obstruction is rapidly fatal, but it can be effectively and dramatically treated by clearing the airway. There are various ways an airway can become obstructed, such as vomit, a foreign object, swelling caused by trauma, an irritant, or an allergic reaction. It is imperative that you clear the airway, but you must do so without causing any additional harm to the patient.

Breathing:

A person can have an open airway yet still experience difficulty breathing. This may result from an injury to the brain, spinal cord, or diaphragm. The method for assisting a patient with breathing when more advanced medical care is unavailable is known as positive pressure ventilation or artificial respiration (mouth-to-mouth). The inflation rate should be around 12 breaths per minute or one every 5 seconds, with each breath lasting about 1 to 1.5 seconds. Rapid breaths can push air into the stomach, potentially leading to vomiting.

Bleeding & Circulation:

Uninterrupted blood circulation is essential for survival. There are two primary types of disruptions to blood circulation that a first responder can address: cardiac arrest and bleeding. Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating. During your primary survey, if you discover that the patient has no pulse, it indicates that her heart has stopped beating, and she is in cardiac arrest. It's important to note that in adverse situations, or if the patient is in shock, finding a pulse can be challenging. The carotid pulse is the strongest and easiest to access; it is located on either side of the larynx in the neck. If there is no carotid pulse, the heart is not beating. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is the only treatment for cardiac arrest. Even with hands-on training, it has limited potential to restore and sustain life.

The second type of disruption to circulation results from significant blood loss. Controlling blood loss is essential as part of BLS. Bleeding can be internal, which is often difficult to identify and stop, or external, though it may not always be obvious. Addressing internal bleeding goes beyond the scope of this article and the capabilities of most first responders in the field. External bleeding is managed by applying direct pressure to the bleeding site with your hand, ideally using a cloth or bandage. This application is not intended to absorb the blood; instead, it provides uniform pressure across the wound. Prepare to maintain direct pressure for ten minutes or more. If the bleeding does not stop, remove the bandage to locate the source of the blood and then reposition your hand.  

There is no easy rule for determining when bleeding is severe. A rule of thumb is that if it looks like a lot of blood, it probably is. However, severe bleeding can be missed if the patient is wearing a lot of clothing or the blood is absorbed into the ground around the patient.

Conclusion:

Firefighters practice safely transporting an injured person.

When developing first aid skills, like all skills a firefighter must master, training and practice are essential. Additionally, reading about the principles and theories that support these skills is important. However, there is no substitute for training and practice.

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For more information, visit the following references:

Africa Fire Mission Active Bleeding Control Resources

The Outward Bound Wilderness First-Aid Handbook; Jeff Isaac & Peter Goth.

The Field Guide of Wilderness & Rescue Medicine; Jim Morrissey & David Johnson.

Opening an Unconscious Patient’s Airway with a Manual Manipulation

Red Cross CPR

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Howard A. Cohen was a volunteer firefighter for 20 years. He began his firefighting career as a chaplain and retired as the deputy chief. He is currently AFM’s online program content director. He frequently presents for the Weekly Virtual Firefighter Trainings and contributes to the AFM blog.

Bush Fires

by Brad Fiore

Just like any other fire, there are two main strategies in fighting bush fires: Direct and indirect. Topography, fuel types, and resources may vary between the US and Africa, but the basic tactics are the same. In a direct attack, we remove either the oxygen or the heat, and in an indirect attack, we remove the fuel.

The best tool we have for fire extinguishment is water. Unfortunately, a lot of times, the fire is in an area that makes it difficult to get water to. Hand tools play a significant role in fighting bush fires. The basic types are cutting, digging, scraping, and smothering tools.

In a direct attack removing the oxygen is accomplished by smothering the fire. We can throw dirt on the burning material or pat small flames out with our tool. I’ve seen fire flappers used to beat the flames of large bushes. I am not familiar with how well this works, but from another point of view, in North America, our flappers are smaller, and we use them on small creeping fires. The technique is to drag the flapper over the burning material, maybe using a slight patting motion. Beating a fire uses a lot of energy in one concentrated area. It also seems that embers are kicked up into the air, which could start a spot fire. Other tools, such as hoes and fire rakes, can all be used to pat out small flames.

Smoke coming from trees can be a sign of a potential bush fire.

When you use water to remove the heat, use it sparingly and wisely. Always walk in line with the fire, spraying water along the fire edge. This will make your water work smarter. Any water that bounces will bounce into the flames ahead. If you stand perpendicular to the fire, the overspray and bounce will fall into the already burned area, wasting that water. It doesn’t take a lot of water to douse the flames, so attaching a low-volume nozzle to your hose will extend your water.

The indirect attack is more labor intensive, but provides a safer environment for the firefighters. The indirect attack is the process of cutting a fire line around the fire. You and your team will be cutting and scraping away the fuel so that when the fire reaches the fire line, there is nothing there to burn.

Tools for this are anything you can use to cut through the ground material and dig down to the soil. Hoes and rakes made for this are great, but a garden hoe that is sharpened will do the trick. That shovel we used before to throw dirt on the fire, hold it parallel to the ground, and you now have a scraping tool. Chainsaws work wonders, but a hand saw, and a pair of loppers will handle small bushes and brush. A hatchet or fire axe can help clear small trees.

Your goal is to get down to mineral soil, and the width of the line needs to be one and one-half the height of the fuels. If you are cutting in grass that is a foot and a half tall, you need to make a line that is 3 feet wide. Always start and end at an anchor point. A road, trail, open dirt area, or body of water. The best practice for cutting the line is to space your crew a few feet apart so that swinging tools do not hit a team member. Each member will take a swipe and move forward along the line. As the team moves, each member is clearing more along the line.

Once the line is cut, and if you have time, you can backburn. This intentionally burns the material between your fire line and the main fire. The main fire will be intense and may make its own weather, causing high winds. Lighting a fire ahead of this will make the fire small and manageable. It will grow as it gets closer to the main fire, but at this point, it is within your control lines.

Anytime you are fighting bush fires, always have escape routes planned and made known by all members fighting the fire.

From my experience teaching a couple of the virtual classes for AFM, I have come to find out that you, like most firefighters, are extremely inventive. With the knowledge all the instructors provide, you find ways to make the resources you do have work. That’s what firefighting is.

Be safe!

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Brad Fiore is a volunteer firefighter of Cottekill Volunteer Fire Company and former Fire Chief. He also has experience as a 911 dispatch supervisor. Brad has served as an instructor for AFM’s virtual firefighter trainings.

Improving Your Leadership Success

by F. R. Montes de Oca

Leading a team can be frustrating and often stressful, but at the same time very rewarding. As a student of leadership, these are several leadership tips that I’ve learned over the years. These will help guide you on your leadership journey.

Demonstrate consistency in all you do. Be consistent in the way you handle challenges, successes, and failures. Those who work for you and with you depend on your measured, predictable demeanor. Before making a hasty decision, think of the outcome and consequences.

Be trustworthy. Personal trust is like a bank account. It may take you time to build trust with someone but lie or do something deceitful and their trust in you rapidly drops.

Leaders stay resilient during moments of hardship.

During the darkest moments, resiliency can help one to survive and thrive. As a leader, you will experience tragedy, failure, and disappointment. The need to be resilient is most critical during times of tragedy such as the loss of a department member or the after-effects of mass violence. If you choose to lead, a deep reservoir of resilience will help in your survival and success.

Practice humility. Successful leaders know when to show a little humility – especially when it allows the team to share in the limelight.

A little confidence goes a long way. Working in a profession that recruits and trains strong-willed men and women, leaders are surrounded by extremely self-confident team members. During operations when life-and-death decisions are necessary for one’s survival, confidence is often key to a positive outcome. However, there are times when confidence can be mistaken for arrogance. A fine balance of confidence and humility is always helpful… and respected.  

Always practice honesty. Enjoy your accomplishments and leadership position. And within the role of your duties and interactions… be honest in all you do. In doing so, your influence builds other honest leaders.

Great leaders are great communicators. Practice communicating in your community!

Communicate every chance you get. The key to success as a leader is communicating to those who follow you and to those you follow. Make every effort to keep everyone on the same page so your team operates as a solid unit.

The moral of this story? 1) Learn from everyone. 2) Lead with your head and your heart. 3) Never demand more than you are willing to give.

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Frank Montes de Oca served as a firefighter/paramedic for over 38 years attaining positions as Chief of EMS, Training Bureau Commander, and Chief of Department. He remains engaged in managing and developing firefighter safety programs and mentoring leaders.

Growing Community Fire Prevention Programs

Growing Community Fire Prevention Programs - AFM’s first annual Fire Prevention Competition!

January 1, 2023

by: Nancy L. Moore, Executive Director

When my husband, Dave, and I arrived in Nairobi, Kenya in 2012 we immediately began to see the dangers of fires that are a reality of life in Africa. When we learned in 2014 that many firefighters in Zambia didn’t know the basics of fire prevention and fire safety we knew we had to do something.

From our partners at Missions of Hope International and CMF International we learned about Community Health Evangelism or Community Health Education and realized that there was very little education for developing communities on fire prevention and fire safety. So we worked together with firefighters in Africa, community members in Kenya and AFM’s American firefighter volunteers to develop a curriculum that would be culturally appropriate for developing communities.

We have trained thousands of firefighters and community volunteers in using our curriculum and have been able to track results as fire services in Africa report that communities that have received training call the fire brigade sooner in cases of fire outbreaks and that they have a better understanding of how the fire service works and what firefighters need from the community in order to do their job. In 2022, firefighters and community volunteers reported more than 520,000 people were educated in fire prevention and fire safety through training activities, community walks and fire prevention week activities. Through public television and radio more than 13 million people were received life saving fire safety education.

With more than 1 billion people in Sub-Saharan Africa - there are many more people to reach with these important life safety lessons.

In 2023 AFM has launched an initiative to reach more people by encouraging training and reporting that training through our first annual Fire Prevention Competition. We will have 4 categories for participation:

• Individual Volunteer - someone who is not paid for trainings that they are providing.

• Individual Paid - someone doing this as a part of their job, in the fire service, private or public sector.

• Fire Brigade (paid firefighters this could be a recognition for the whole fire department what they submit across all shifts, etc).

• Groups- organization or informal group (this could be firefighters or community members that are not getting paid to do the trainings and are doing it on their own time)

Trainings reported and taking place from November 20, 2022- November 1, 2023 will be considered. For the competition, trainings must take place in Africa. Participants in the competition may use the Africa Fire Mission curriculum as a guide for what training content to include: https://www.africafiremission.org/fire-safety-curriculum

The requirements to be considered include:

1. Submit training documentation to Africa Fire Mission via this form: https://www.africafiremission.org/fire-safety-training-reporting

2. Submit pictures of the training to info@africafiremission.org

Submission reviews to determine winners of the competition:

• Africa Fire Mission will review the all of the submitted training reports for quality of training as well as number of persons trained.

• Training photos will also be reviewed and AFM should be able to tell what content is being taught through the photos evidence.

• Trainings may be done formally (for instance a classroom setting or community gathering) or informally community walk, media interviews)

Winners will be announced at the closing of the Kenya Fire EMS Symposium and Competition 2023, in Nairobi, Kenya, November 2023. Winners will also receive recognition on AFM social media and AFM’s monthly newsletter. A certificate will be issued to the winners as well as a gift (yet to be determined).

Please note: Individuals training together are considered a group, please have one person from the group submit the reports and list the name of the group with the training report. Duplicate trainings will be combined as one training report. If there are participants from multiple countries, awards may be issued by country. AFM staff will not be considered as part of the competition. AFM holds the full decision making over the winners of the competition.

Fire Prevention Activities Grow in Kenya

When Dave and Nancy , Co-Founders of Africa Fire Mission, went to Kenya in November 2012. One of the things that surprised them was the lack of knowledge around fire prevention and fire safety. In the US, children start to learn about fire safety in Pre-School and fire prevention messages and what to do in case of fire are integrated into school and work for many Americans. In most of Africa we have learned that there is very little education around fire prevention or fire safety.

As soon as Dave saw the gap he invited the Nairobi Fire Service to come to Missions of Hope International (AFM’s first partner) to teach the teachers a little about fire prevention. Stop, Drop and Roll, Crawling Under Smoke (Get Low and Get Out), how to call the fire department and how to use a fire extinguisher were among the first lessons taught. That first fire prevention session in Nairobi had about 30 participants - since then AFM has been growing our fire prevention program through curriculum and a train the trainer model through CHE (Community Health Education).

This October, Kenya participated in Fire Prevention week - at least 10 counties participated and more than 40,000 individuals received direct training in fire prevention! Children and adults conducted fire drills in their schools and businesses. Firefighters went into their communities and shared safety messages in churches, schools, businesses and anywhere that people gathered!

Indirectly, the impact was pretty great too! There were walks to raise awareness and media campaigns to share the work! Millions were impacted indirectly through these collaborations!

At Africa Fire Mission we are committed to continue to increase the impact of fire prevention and safety to save lives! It is important to our mission just as training firefighters. Our curriculum is available for free on our website - check it out here: Fire Safety Curriculum and we’d love for those using our curriculum to report their training experiences here: Report

To all the firefighters in Kenya that are spreading the message of fire safety - Asante Sana (thank you!) We can’t want to see the multiplication continue in Kenya and across all of Africa!

Volunteer Highlight - Cyrus Kalemunguruk

By José Ngunjiri, AFM Fire Safety Advocate, Nairobi, Kenya

The late Elbert Hubbard used to say: “if you want anything done, asks a busy man to do it.” Cyrus Kalemunguruk is that man. Selfless, dedicated and loves to serve God’s people. Cyrus is among the instructors who took me under their wing when I was in fire training school and trained me to be a firefighter. 

In December 2020, Cyrus agreed to volunteer his time to support Africa Fire Mission as we worked to advance firefighter trainings on how to conduct basic community fire prevention sessions. (crawling under smoke, stop drop and roll, calling the fire brigade amongst other lessons) Check out AFM’s fire prevention curriculum  

Cyrus was a true teammate.   He provided instruction in a professional manner and his contribution will be contributing to the fire service in Africa for years to come. 

During the training, a fire call came in and we were asked to join the firefighters who were on duty. It had been a long time since I rode in a fire truck. Cyrus sprung up and become the mentor I relied on in school. He reminded me to buckle up, to check the breathing apparatus and also to follow his instructions as soon as we reached the fire scene. It was a tough call. However, the calmness of Cyrus Kalemunguruk made me work with ease. 

Working with volunteer Cyrus is always an awesome experience. Thank you Cyrus for volunteering!

AFM continues to grow dedicated volunteers to serve!!! If you are interested in volunteering in your community, contact your local fire brigade.

Kenyan First Responders join hands with communities to educate about menstrual hygiene.

Persisting taboos and stigma around matters concerning menstrual hygiene are prone in girls across the world. Girls are forced to stay at home for the days they are experiencing their flows because they are either not provided the sanitary towels or their parents cannot afford the basic items to continue normally with their daily chores. During the time they are going through their monthly flow, they are either locked in their rooms without any know how on how they should deal when nature calls, or told to stay in the house with no movement outside.

A group of older girls in Kenya East of Nairobi called “Marafiki Drive”, who have a heart of the girl child, and know girls who undergo such challenges, approached first responders, to come participate in distributing hygiene products to the girls. This was in line in celebration of the World Menstrual Hygiene day held every year on the 28th May 2020. On analyzing the opportunity, I thought this was a great opening for firefighters to reach out to the girls with knowledge of extinguishing fire, evacuating the house and calling the fire brigade for help when an emergency situation presents itself. This move was necessary considering the girls are usually home alone. During this time, the girl is in pain and may forget to turn off a stove or to put out a candle while they take a nap.

Firefighters and Emergency Medical Technicians from around Kenya rallied together to give in cash or kind donations to make a difference in girl child’s life. We managed to raise more than 10,000 Kenya Shillings ($100USD) and AFM and Missions of Hope International printed 200 flyers with emergency numbers with instructions on how to put out different types of fires inside the homes. Through that reach out program, we got to connect with 314 girls  and distributed three packs of Sanitary towels to each girl containing twenty four pads that will last them for two months if they are having a normal flow. 

As first responders, we are very grateful to have participated in the event and are looking forward to the next event in order to partner with communities and increase their quality of life and connection with the fire service.

Firefighter community outreach - International Firefighters Day 2020

Firefighters in many parts of Africa are disrespected by their communities. Community members don’t understand them and will often throw stones at the firefighters when they arrive on fire and rescue scenes. Firefighters are frequently injured and equipment severely damaged. Yet firefighters continue to respond to serve their communities. In Kenya, firefighters have been working hard to educate their communities about how to prevent fires and how to respond to fires (things like knowing to call the fire brigade and knowing the number to call).

In the midst of the global COVID-19 pandemic a group of career and volunteer firefighters decided to celebrate International Firefighters Day (May 4th) by reaching out to a slum community - their goal was to build relationships between the firefighters and the community.

On May 9, 2020, a group of 18 firefighters and 12 community volunteers (from Jiamini Self Help group) collaborated with the Kiambu Fire Brigade in Thika to fumigate the Kiandutu slums with COVID eradication solution and spray bedbug eradication solution in homes. The firefighters and volunteers reached 15,000 people and were able to share life saving fire safety information!

This event was fully supported by the firefighters - the firefighters contributed their own time, talents and finances to the event. As others saw their commitment, the Kiambu County Government and other people and organizations got involved too. Firefighters across Kenya those employed and volunteering, contributed money to purchase bedbug killer. The Kiambu Public Health department provided COVID-19 fumigation solution that cleans the streets and the Kiambu Public Works who offered mist generator, fire truck and a utility pickup to transport the tools of trade to the activity area. Missions of Hope International provided supplies for the event as well.

This activity may be the first of many in this area as the community is excited to learn more about the fire service after these acts of kindness. It is a great example of community driven development and how AFM’s CHE model can be put into action by the fire service. Much can be done with little to improve the fire service in Africa and the communities around them. What can you do to improve your own community?

Laying down your Life for your Friends – Remembering Firefighter Obego

Laying down your Life for your Friends – Remembering Firefighter Obego, Nairobi Fire Service

By José – AFM Fire Safety Advocate, Kenya

“Help me to honor firefighter Obego fire engine operator of Nairobi fire who passed on 17th February 2020 at Nairobi West Hospital after a short illness. His selfless service to Nairobians and humanity at large will never be forgotten.”

Obego, as he was fondly called by his peers in the fire house, was a highly skilled gentleman with 30 years in the fire service. He was an operator (driver) and pump operator.  He was also a certified mechanic who would fix the fire engine when it broke down and needed repairs on it. Cadet Officer Obego was a selfless man. I remember him for a cheerful gentleman who would lift up one’s spirit whenever you went visiting the firehouse. As soon as you asked him of a certain fire that happened long time ago, he narrated the story and you would fill thrill run through your spine as if you were in the scene on that day. Operator Obego attended the August 7, 2007 bomb blast at the United States Embassy. He also attended the Hazmat fire at KEMSA medical storage facility at the industrial area where about five firefighters were rushed to the Nairobi West Hospital because of inhaling Ethanol from the stored medicine. Obego was at the Sinai oil spill fire at the Kwa Ruben slums that killed 95 people.  He was on hand for many national tragedies in Kenya during his 30year tenure.

Obego succumbed to lung cancer from his many years of fire service. My big brother Obego, thank you for your service. We’ll take it from here. Rest in Peace.  

When I learned of the news of Obego’s death, I met with Chief Fire Officer, Brain Kisali and Deputy Fire Chief Mboya to know what burial arrangements they have for our hero. During the meeting I gave my heartfelt condolences and asked to be given permission to raise money to support the funeral expenses that the family would undergo. Funerals in Africa can be extremely expensive and Obego had three wives and thirteen children. 

We rallied firefighters and first responders who were in the group to contribute 300 Kenya Shillings ($3) each to support the expenses. These were volunteer and career firefighters from various stations across the nation. Within a span of one week, we managed to rise up to 20,200Kenya Shillings ($202) which I got the privilege of handing over to Obego’s wives and brother in front of a guard of honor from International College Of Technology in Thika Fire Students. I was impressed by the overwhelming brotherhood that was bestowed to a firefighter who most of the firefighters had not met. The virtue of the firefighters learning that one of them was down, everyone was hands on deck to support overwhelmed me with courage. 

This was the first time the Kenyan fire service has come together to honor a fallen comrade.   I am honored to be a part of what I hope will be a new tradition in the fire service.  Honoring the firefighters that serve their communities.